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Craniovertebral junction anomalies are a group of diseases characterized by the pathological changes of occipital bone,atlantoaxial bone,cerebellar tonsil,surrounding soft tissue,and nervous system,which are caused by a variety of factors.Chiari malformation is a common type of craniovertebral junction anomalies,the conventional surgical therapy of which is posterior fossa decompression.Currently,scholars represented by Goel have proposed a new theory on the classification,pathogenesis,and treatment of Chiari malformation based on posterior atlantoaxial fixation (Goel technique).This article introduces the progress in Goel technique,aiming to provide reference for the clinical work.
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Humans , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgeryABSTRACT
Quetiapine is a psychotropic drug. Excessive use of quetiapine may lead to drowsiness, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension and extrapyramidal reactions. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is rare due to overdose of quetiapine. On 14 February 2020, a patients with coma, respiratory arrest and hypotension due to overdose of quetiapine were admitted to our hospital. After receiving mechanical ventilation、plasma adsorption and anti-inflammatory treatment, the patient's consciousness turned clear, the machine was successfully removed and extubated, and the patient's condition was improved and discharged from hospital. We analyzed the clinical data of the patient with quetiapine poisoning, and discussed the clinical symptoms and chest CT characteristics of ARDS caused by quetiapine poisoning, in order to improve the understanding of quetiapine poisoning and improve the success rate of rescue.
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Humans , Antipsychotic Agents , Dibenzothiazepines , Drug Overdose/therapy , Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornABSTRACT
Four new polyhydroxylated steroids plaksterols A-D (1-4), together with two known related steroids ergost-7,9(11),22-trien-3β,5α,6α-triol (5) and ergosta-6β-methoxy-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (6), were isolated from methanol extract of the South China Sea marine sponge Plakortis sp. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR, MS, and IR. The cytotoxicity of the polyhydroxylated steroids were evaluated, and compound 6 showed moderate inhibitory activities against K562, HL-60 and BEL-7402 cells.
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OBJECTIVE Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved pharmaco-logical therapy for acute brain ischaemia;however,a major limitation of tPA is the haemorrhagic trans-formation that follows tPA treatment. Here, we determined whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, affects tPA-induced haemorrhagic transformation. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was achieved in CD1 mice by introducing a filament to the left MCA for 5 h.When the filament was removed for reperfusion, tPA was infused via the tail vein.A single dose of NMN was injected i.p.(300 mg·kg-1).Mice were killed at 24 h post ischaemia, and their brains were evaluated for brain infarction, oedema, haemoglobin content, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the expression of tight junction proteins(TJPs)and the activity/expression of MMPs. RESULTS In the mice infused with tPA at 5 h post ischaemia, there were significant increases in mortality, brain infarction, brain oedema, brain haemoglobin level, neural apoptosis, Iba-1 staining (microglia activation) and myeloperoxidase staining (neutrophil infiltration). All these tPA-induced alterations were significantly prevented by NMN administration. Mechanistically, the delayed tPA treatment increased BBB permeability by down-regulating TJPs, including claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1,and enhancing the activities and protein expression of MMP9 and MMP2. Similarly, NMN administration partly blocked these tPA-induced molecular changes. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that NMN ameliorates tPA-induced haemorrhagic transformation in brain ischaemia by maintaining the integrity of the BBB.
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BACKGROUND: In our preliminary experiments, calcium phosphate cement, magnesium phosphate cement, calcium silicate and bismuth were mixed to manufacture a novel inorganic composite material, which would be used to repair furcal perforation. This novel composite cement has been confirmed to have excellent physiochemical and mechanical properties. OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility of calcium phosphate-magnesium phosphate-calcium silicate-bismuth cement (CMSBC). METHODS: Cytotoxicity test: Relative growth rate of L929 cells cultured in CMSBC extract was analyzed using cell counting kit-8 assay. Acute hemolysis test: The leaching solution of test samples, saline and distilled water were added into the rabbit anti-clotting, to detect the rate of hemolysis.Acute systemic toxicity test:CMSBC lead liquor and normal saline were respectively injected via the tail vein into the mice in experimental group and control group, respectively. The general situation of mice was observed at 24, 48, 72 hours respectively and body weight change was valued. Ames test: In the flat-plate incorporation test of Salmonella typhimurium, the average number of spontaneous revertants of TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 of CMSBC leaching liquor was calculated after incubation at 37 ℃ for 72 hours. S-9 mixture was added to the plates as an in vitro activation system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cytotoxicity of CMSBC in vitro was grade 0.Negative results from the acute hemolytic test,acute systemic toxicity test and Ames test of CMSBC indicate that this novel inorganic composite material has good biocompatibility and biosecurity.
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Objective To establish the plasma fingerprint of Danggui Shaoyao Powder (DSP) for the analysis of the transitional components in rat plasma after administration of DSP extracts Methods Eleven batches of rat plasma were prepared after oral administration and the plasma fingerprint was established by UPLC-UV. The transitional components in rat plasma after administration of DSP extracts was analyzed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Results The plasma fingerprints of common peaks for 11 batches of DSP were established to ascertain the optimized blood collection time, and the method was used to process the plasma. Fifteen common peaks were detected in plasma fingerprint, and the similarity were both higher than 0.933. The methodology of plasma pharmacochemistry was adopted to analyze the common peaks, and 15 transitional components, including 10 prototype components and five metabolites were identified. Conclusion The established plasma fingerprint of DSP provide the basis for the further study of transitional components.
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The sea dragon Solenognathus hardwickii has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as male impotency. To gain a comprehensive insight into the protein components of the sea dragon, shotgun proteomic analysis of its protein expression profiling was conducted in the present study. Proteins were extracted from dried sea dragon using a trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method and then separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands were cut from the gel and digested by trypsin to generate peptide mixture. The peptide fragments were then analyzed using nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI MS/MS). 810 proteins and 1 577 peptides were identified in the dried sea dragon. The identified proteins exhibited molecular weight values ranging from 1 900 to 3 516 900 Da and pI values from 3.8 to 12.18. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 Gene Ontology (GO) analysis tool to explore possible functions of the identified proteins. Ascribed functions of the proteins mainly included intracellular non-membrane-bound organelle, non-membrane-bounded organelle, cytoskeleton, structural molecule activity, calcium ion binding and etc. Furthermore, possible signal networks of the identified proteins were predicted using STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) database. Ribosomal protein synthesis was found to play an important role in the signal network. The results of this study, to best of our knowledge, were the first to provide a reference proteome profile for the sea dragon, and would aid in the understanding of the expression and functions of the identified proteins.
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Animals , Computational Biology , Fish Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Fishes , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Peptides , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Proteomics , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The 8.12 Tianjin Port Explosion in 2015 caused heavy casualties. Pingjin Hospital, an affiliated college hospital in Tianjin, China participated in the rescue activities. This study aims to analyze the emergency medical response to this event and share experience with trauma physicians to optimize the use of medical resource and reduce mortality of critical patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>As a trauma centre at the accident city, our hospital treated 298 patients. We retrospectively analyzed the data of emergency medical response, including injury triage, injury type, ICU patient flow, and medical resource use.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were totally 165 deaths, 8 missing, and 797 non-fatal injuries in this explosion. Our hospital treated 298 casualties in two surges of medical demand. The first one appeared at 1 h after explosion when 147 wounded were received and the second one at 4 h when 31 seriously injured patients were received, among whom 29 were transferred from Tianjin Emergency Center which was responsible for the scene injury triage. After reexamination and triage, only 11 cases were defined as critical ill patients. The over-triage rate reached as high as 62.07%. Seventeen patients underwent surgery and 17 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present pre-hospital system is incomplete and may induce two surges of medical demand. The first one has a much larger number of casualties than predicted but the injury level is mild; while the second one has less wounded but almost all of them are critical patients. The over-triage rate is high. The hospital emergency response can be improved by an effective re-triage and implementation of a hospital-wide damage control.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Blast Injuries , Mortality , Therapeutics , China , Explosions , Health Services Needs and Demand , Hospitals, University , Injury Severity Score , Mass Casualty Incidents , Retrospective Studies , Surge Capacity , Trauma Centers , TriageABSTRACT
Seven guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, a new compound 6-formyl-5-isopropyl-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-1H-indene (1), a new natural product 5-isopropyl-3, 7-dimethyl-1H-indene-1-one (2), along with five known compounds: guaiazulene (3), 4-formyl-7-isopropyl-10-methylazulene (4), sesquiterpene ketolactone (5), alismoxide (6) and guaia-1 (5), 6-diene (7), were isolated from gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis [MS, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (DEPT), HMQC, HMBC, NOESY] and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the literatures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anthozoa , Chemistry , Azulenes , China , Sesquiterpenes , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes, GuaianeABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the inhibition effect of antimicrobial peptide human βdefensin 3 (hBD3 )against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)N31 5.Methods Antimicrobial peptide hBD3 was synthesized.The direct inhibition on N31 5 was detected by the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)test,antibacterial activity test and the analysis on some important functional genes.The peptide was combined with penicillin,tetracycline,cephradine, rifampin,vancomycin,cefuroxime and chloramphenicol to evaluate the effects on antibiotic MIC values.Results The MIC of hBD3 against N31 5 was 8 μg/mL and the bactericidal activity was observed while the hBD3 concentration reached 2 μg/mL.The peptide hBD3 could improve the expression of agr and reduce the expression of icaA.With 5 μg/mL peptide hBD3,the MIC values against N31 5 of penicillin,cephradine,vancomycin,cefuroxime and chloramphenicol were dropped down.Conclusion There is considerable bactericidal activity of antimicrobial peptide hBD3 against MRSA N31 5. Antibiotic peptide hBD3 could be used to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the future.
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Fourteen compounds were obtained from Glechoma longituba by the chromatographic methods of silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative of HPLC. According to physicochemical properties and spectral data, these compounds were identified as stilbostemin B (1), trilepisiumic acid (2), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol ketone (3), bergeninmonohydrate (4), oresbiusin A (5), norbergenin (6), stilbostemin D (7), ehretioside B (8), ethyl ferulate (9), E-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (10), methyl gallate (11), protocatechuic acid (12), 4'-Hydroxyacetophenone (13), and E-3-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-acrylic acid (14). Among them, compounds 1-10, 13 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Lamiaceae , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the incidence and risk factors of HCV infection among heroin addicts who were receiving methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All heroin addicts who were HCV negative at the initiation of MMT in June 2005 through March 2012, in Dehong prefecture, were included in this cohort analysis. HCV incidence was calculated and related risk factors determined by using Cox proportional hazard regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2390 MMT clinic attendants were qualified for this cohort study by March 2012. 731(30.6%) of them had never received any follow-up HCV testing so were recognized as loss to follow-up. The other 1659 (69.4%) participants had received at least one follow-up HCV testing and were observed for a total of 3509.12 person-years(py). During this period 99 new HCV infections or HCV sero-converters were identified. The overall HCV incidence was 2.82/100 py and was 3.62/100 py for 2006, 5.36/100 py for 2007, 6.71/100 py for 2008, 2.56/100 py for 2009, 1.90/100 py for 2010, and 0.44/100 py for 2011, respectively. Results from multiple regression analysis, using Cox proportional hazard model, indicated that after controlling for confounding variables, those who were unemployed, being injecting drug users(IDUs)or HIV positive at entry into the MMT program were more likely to be newly infected with HCV or HCV sero-converted during the follow-up period than those who were peasants, non-IDUs or HIV negative at entry into the MMT program(HR = 2.02, 95% CI:1.18-3.48; HR = 9.05, 95% CI:5.49-14.93; HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.37-3.56), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of HCV infection among MMT clinic attendants was decreasing since 2009 in Dehong prefecture. Those who were unemployed, injecting drug users and HIV positive were at higher risk of HCV infection.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , China , Epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Drug Users , Hepatitis C , Epidemiology , Incidence , Methadone , Therapeutic Uses , Risk Factors , Substance-Related Disorders , Drug Therapy , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
To study the chemical constituents in the twigs and leaves of Melodinus hemsleyanus. The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves of M. hemsleyanus. Their structures were identified as 11-hydroxytabersonine (1) , venalstonid (2), sandine (3), oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), betulin (6) , (+)-pinoresinol (7), (-)-syringaresinol (8), 8-hydroxypinoresinol (9), (-)-latifolin (10) , cirsilineol (11) , loganin (12) , dibutylterephthalate (13) , and beta-sitosterol(14). Compounds 4-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Apocynaceae , Chemistry , Herbal Medicine , Lignans , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , TriterpenesABSTRACT
To study the chemical constituents in the twigs and leaves of Melodinus hemsleyanus. The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves of M. hemsleyanus. Their structures were identified as 11-hydroxytabersonine (1), venalstonid (2), sandine (3), oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), betulin (6), (+)-pinoresinol (7), (-)-syringaresinol (8), 8-hydroxypinoresinol (9), (-)-latifolin (10), cirsilineol (11), loganin (12), dibutylterephthalate (13), and beta-sitosterol (14). Compounds 4-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Apocynaceae , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Structure , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , ChemistryABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate whether aspirin has effect on function of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Cord blood CD34(+) cells were purified using the ficoll density gradient centrifugation and human CD34 positive selection kit, then the cells were inoculated on fibronectin-coated culture plate. After culture for 2 weeks, adherent cells were identified as EPC by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, uptake of Dil-Ac-LDL and matrigel tube formation assay. EPC were treated with different concentrations of aspirin (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1 000, 10 000 µmol/L) for 24 h, then the proliferation, adhesion and migration ability of these cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and transwell methods. The results indicated that the low concentrations of aspirin (0.1 and 1 000 µmol/L) promoted late EPC adhesive and migratory capacity, but no obvious effect on proliferation of late EPC were observed. On the other hand, the high concentrations of aspirin (10 000 µmol/L) inhibited proliferation and migratory capacity of EPC, but had no obvious effect on adhesive ability of EPC. It is concluded that low concentration of aspirin promotes migration and adhesion of late EPC, while the high concentration of aspirin decreases EPC proliferation and migratory capacity of EPC.
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Humans , Aspirin , Pharmacology , Cell Adhesion , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Fetal Blood , Cell Biology , Stem Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the marginal adaptation of crowns fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and wax-lost-casting method, so as to provide an experimental basis for clinic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Co-Cr alloy full crown were fabricated by SLM and wax-lost-casting for 24 samples in each group. All crowns were cemented with zinc phosphate cement and cut along longitudinal axis by line cutting machine. The gap between crown tissue surface and die was measured by 6-point measuring method with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The marginal adaptation of crowns fabricated by SLM and wax-lost-casting were compared statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gap between SLM crowns were (36.51 ± 2.94), (49.36 ± 3.31), (56.48 ± 3.35), (42.20 ± 3.60) µm, and wax-lost-casting crowns were (68.86 ± 5.41), (58.86 ± 6.10), (70.62 ± 5.79), (69.90 ± 6.00) µm. There were significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Co-Cr alloy full crown fabricated by wax-lost-casting method and SLM method provide acceptable marginal adaptation in clinic, and the marginal adaptation of SLM is better than that of wax-lost-casting method.</p>
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Chromium Alloys , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Dental Casting Technique , Dental Marginal Adaptation , Dental Prosthesis Design , Freezing , LasersABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of moxibustion pretreatment on the immune function of athletes during the courses of heavy load training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve male middle-distance race athletes were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 6) and a control group (n= 6). In observation group, mild moxibustion was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36) or Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) alternatively once daily, for 4 weeks. In control group, there was no any intervention. The expressions of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected by realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR method before heavy load training, after 3 weeks of treatment, after 1 week adjusting training.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The ratios of Testosterone/Cortisol (T/C) of (0.017 +/- 0.003) in the control group and of (0.021 +/- 0. 007) in the observation group after heavy load training for three weeks were significant lower than 0.036 +/- 0.009 and 0.037 +/- 0.013 before heavy load training in the same group, respectively (both P < 0.01) (2) IFN-gamma mRNA of (2.76 +/- 1.28) and ratio of IFN-gamma mRNA/IL-4 mRNA of (3.28 +/- 1.76) in the control group after heavy load training for three weeks were significant higher than 1.75 +/- 0.44 and 1.52 +/- 0.76 before heavy load training, respectively (both P < 0.05), and ratio of IFN-gamma mRNA/IL-4 mRNA of (0.86 +/- 0.66) after adjusting training for 1 week reduced significantly as compared with that after heavy load training for three weeks (P < 0.05). (3) In the observation group, IFN-gamma mRNA, IL-4 mRNA and ratio of IFN-gamma mRNA/IL-4 mRNA increased firstly and then restore with the time, but these changes had no significant differences (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Moxibustion pretreatment can prevent Th1/Th2 imbalance of male middle-distance race athlete during the course of heavy load training.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Athletes , Hydrocortisone , Blood , Interferon-gamma , Genetics , Interleukin-4 , Genetics , Moxibustion , Methods , Physical Education and Training , RNA, Messenger , Testosterone , Blood , Th1 Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Th2 Cells , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective To determine the adherence to and its determinants of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin addicts in Dehong prefecture in Yunnan province from 2005 to 2009. Methods A dynamic cohort analysis was conducted with the time of treatment initiation as the time of cohort entry, to calculate the proportion of adhering to the treatment at different time points after initiation of the treatment, and to study the determinants of adherence.Results A total of 3758 had been treated. Among them, 95.8% were males, 75.8% aged between 20-39 years, 90.4% were peasants or unemployed, 57.0% were ethnic minorities, 35.0% were single and 55.5% were married with spouses, 43.9% were illiterate or educated at most primary school. The age of first using drugs averaged at 23.93 years. About 96.3% of the study subjects had used heroin and 21.7% were HIV-infected. The minimum time under MMT was less than 1 month and the maximum 61 months. The median methadone dose at first delivery was 25 ml, with the minimum 1 ml and the maximum 330 ml. By the end of the study or observation period, a total of 1798 patients had withdrawn from treatment and 1960 were still under treatment. The proportions of adherence to or still being under the treatment after 1,3,6,9, 12,24, 36,48 and 60 months treatment were 0.919,0.847,0.756, 0.690, 0.637, 0.519, 0.417, 0.360 and 0.321, respectively. Multiple regression analysis using Cox proportional hazard model indicated that withdraw from the methadone maintenance treatment was significantly associated with location of the treatment clinics, year of treatment initiation, marital status, HIV infection status, methadone dose of first delivery and the result of last urine test for heroin use. Conclusion MMT attendants in Dehong prefecture had a relatively high withdraw rate and low adherence rate. More efforts are needed to provide tailored counseling and education to MMT attendants, to provide family and community support, appropriate methadone dose at first delivery, and to better coordinate with local police department.
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Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of HIV infection among heroin addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province.Methods All heroin addicts who were HIV negative at the initiation of MMT in June 2005 and through June 2011,in Dehong prefecture were included in the cohort analysis.HIV incidence was calculated and related risk factors determined by using Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results A total of 3154 MMT clinic attendants were qualified for this cohort study.By June 2011,1023(32.4％)of them had never received any follow-up HIV testing so were thus referred as loss to follow-up.The other 2131(67.6％)members had received at least one follow-up HIV testing and were observed for a total of 4615.86 person-years.During the period,22 new HIV infections or seroconverters were identified,making the overall HIV incidence as 0.48/100 person-years.The HIV incidence was higher among those who were unemployed,never married,self-reported being injecting drug users(IDUs)and HCV positive at entry into the MMT program.None of those who were always negative on follow-up-urine-testing of morphine was discovered as HIV newly infected during the follow-up period.Data from multiple regression analysis under Cox proportional hazard model indicated that after controlling for confounding variables,non-IDUs at the entry point for the MMT program,were less likely to be HIV newly-infected or seroconverted than IDUs(HR=0.29,95％CI:0.11-0.76).Conclusion MMT prograqm in Dehong prefecture was demonstrated to be fairly effective in reducing HIV transmission through drug use.Those HIV negative attendants at the MMT clinic who were IDUs or keep using drugs during the treatment,were at higher risk of HIV seroconvertion.More efforts were needed to improve the follow-up and HIV testing programs for the MMT clinic attendants.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of inhalation of glucocorticoid on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (group M, group B, group D). Group B inhaled glucocorticoid daily from the next day of received bleomycin. Group D intraperitoneal injection glucocorticoid daily from the next day of received bleomycin. Normal controls received normal saline both intratracheally. Five rats in each group were killed at 1, 4 week after intratracheal instillation. Histological changes of the lungs were evaluated by HE, Masson trichrome stain. Lung expression of bFGF proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the level of bFGF protein in serum and BALF was further measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pulmonary fibrosis of group M was higher than that of group C, pulmonary fibrosis of group B, D was lower than that of group M at 1, 4 week. bFGF in group M was higher than that in group C, bFGF in group B, D was lower than that in group M in lung, serum and BALF on 1, 4 week.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhalation of glucocorticosteroid alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The mechanism may be related to the changes that bFGF is degrade or prevent it step up.</p>